Flying-machine.



D. W. MOORE. FLYINQ- MACHINE. APPLIOATIONFILBD- JULY 23,1910.

v Patented Aug. 8, 1911.

n me u to@ D'. W. MOORE.'

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION Hmm JULY za,191o.

Patented Aug. 8; 1,911.

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DORUShWAtT MOORE, FULTONVILLE, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patenten Aug. e, ioii.

Application filed July 23, 1910. Serial No. 573,493.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that, I, DonUs lV. Moolen, a

vcitiaen of the United States, residing at.

cally maintaining the poise or balance of the machine.

,The ,inventioi'i consistsof thefeatures of construction, combination and arrangementot parts, hereinafter 'fully described and claimed, reference being;` had tothe vaccompanyingr drawings., in whicliz" Figure l is a top plan view of a iiying machinel embodying my invention,` showing;V in dotted lines one positionof adjustment of the steering rudder. Fig. 2 is a central, vertical longitudinal section through the machine. Fig. 3 is a lcentral vertical section through. the steering wheel. 'Fig'. 4 is a vertical transwerse section thereof. Fig'. 5 is a front view o't the steering wheel, illus trating iii full and dotted lines the positions of the associated joint of the rudder in adjusting' the latter for the dilerent steering operations. Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical transverse sections through the tail balance on the lines (36 and 'ZL-7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a detail plan view, showing the flexible connection. between the ,frame and tail balance.

Fig. 9 fis a similar view, showing a modi-fied form o'ltail bala-nce connection.

Referring to the drawings, l designates the main frame of the machine on which is suitably mounted the main flotation,orsupporting plane 2. The frame is provided- -with whereby the machine is adapted to run along the surface of the ground in launcliingand landing and to be steered laterally on the may be suitably connected and braced, the

ground surface through the pivotal move` front standards being shown in thc present instance stayed 4from the forward o'rtion of the frame by a curved brace t3. frame is mounted a motor 7 which coinniunicates motion through a drive belt or chain 'c 'to a shaftl) carrying;v a rotaryv propeller 1 0, which elements may be ot' any de-4 sired construction and arrangement.

At the front of the machine is ar 'anvcjcd a norinall'y substantially horizontal steering;

-rudder 10, comprising' connected -horizoi'ilal and vertical planes ll and l2, operatingb" v their right angular arrangement to oppose resistance to either .lateral or vertical dcllcction of the machine from a straight course of travel. These planes are preferably kiteshaped, butmay be of any suitableI torni. They are connected to 'a central rod or stein 13 pivoted at its forward end to swine' wrtically upona bracket or coupling'member let which in turn. is hinged or pivoted 'toi' a horizontal swinging movement to a bracket; or coupling member 15 secured to the brace or stay 6, thus forming a universal joint to permit the rudder to swing,r freely both vci tically and horizontally.

Un thc The rear end of the stein A13 is slidablyr and pivotally mounted in the yoke portion of a coupling member 1G, beingprovided for such purpose with a longitudinal slot ,t7

4through which passes a pin or bolt. carried by said member 16, said connection pcrinb ting the rear end of the rudder to nio-vc in arcs oli-different radii in its' Various adjustments. The coupling 16 is formed with a lpartially spherical head ,19 mounted to turn freely in a socket 20 carried by a i'aclc bar 2l supported upon a steering wheel 22, thus forming a universal joint coniiection bc- -tween the rear end of the rudder vand said steering wheel. 4 i

rThe wheel 22 is vertically disposed and turns upon-a pivot bolt 23 carried by a suitable suppoi'ting standard' 24e. AThe front portion of this wheel is concaved to receive thebar 2l which extends diametrically one or more froiitwheels 'turiiing on fixed" axes and a rear laterally swinging wheel 4,'

across the saine and has its .ends fitted to slide in guideways 25 formed in the rim ot the wheel. Meshing` with the teeth oil the rack bar is a worm gear2(' v carried by a shaft 27 journaled' on the wheel,` and l'iaving a crank'handle 28 by4 which it may `be turned' to slide the bar longitudinally in either direct-ion across' the tace oit'v the wheel. When the rudder is in normal position lor ico straight horizontal flight the bar 21 is verj tical and the universal'joint connection 1t) and l()V disposed above the center ot` the` wheel. .By turning the wheel the position j oltfsaid universal joint relative to the center ot the wheel maybe 'aried 111 a circular path concentric wlth the ax1s of rotation to adjust the rudder te ditl'erent positions fory that upon turning the wheel a quarter revolution to the aviators lett. the joint will be shi'lted to the position 20, thus swinging .the rudder to cause the let't side ot its horizontal plane to presenti the lr1-eater angle ot incidence `for steering' the machine to the right. When, the wheel is turned a corresponding' degree trom its normal position to the position designitted 20", the rudder will be shifted so that the right side of its horizontal plane will present the greater angle ot' incidence to steer the machine to the left. By turning the wheel from its normal position a haltl revolution to shit't the joint to the lowest position designated 20C, the rear end ot the rudder will be lowered, so that: the horizontal plane thereot' will be disposed so that its lower surface will present: the nreater angle of incidence to steer the inachine in an upward direction. Bj adjusting the rack bar to elevate the joint 'from its normal position. to the position designated 20, the r ar end of the rmlder will be elevated, so that the upper snrt'ace of the horizontal plane ot' the rudder will present the Larcate angle ol incidence t'or steering the machine in a downward direction. It will thus be seen that the machine may be steered in all directions by mean-sot a .single rudder, which, it will be understood, may :lso be adjusted to any of the intermediate positions named to simultaneously steer the machine in either direction laterally and in either direction vertically and to vary Athe angle ot' incidence presented by the rudder in any ot its positions of adjustment, as desired. 'lhe pivotal slip-joint connection between the stem 13 and coupling member 1G, 'which may be termed a lengthening and shortening joint, allows' and compensates i'or variations in the distance between the front and rear universal joints ot the rudder in the movement of the rear end oit' the ,rudder in different arcs as a re snit of the :1i-rangement of the rear joint eccentric to the. axis of the steering' wheel as will be readily understood.

The machine is provided with an automatic rearvrudder or tail balance tor pre'- serving:r its stability and maintaining its fore and aft and, to a large extent, its lateral 'equlllbriunn Tins device comprises a main rudder member 29 formed of vertical and horizontal planes 3() and 31 and a relatively smaller rear or trail rudder member 82 similarl)v torn'led ot' vertical and horizontal planes 3T3 and 3+." The lanes ot bothrudder members are preterab y kite-shaped, the .vertical planes serving to prevent lateral deflection Vof the rear end of the machine t'rom a straight course, while the horizontal planes adapt the rudder to resist t-1lt ing motion of the machine `in a fore and aft direction.

The front end of the rudder member 29 carries a toothed segment 35 pivotally mounted at 36 upon the rear end of the frame 1, the teeth oi said segmentmeshing with the toothed rear end of a' rack bar slidably 'mounted in guides and adjustable to swing the rudder member vertially to vary its angle of inclination to the machine. The forward end of the sliding rack bar is connccted with a lever 3S under the-control of the aviator and which may be locked inadjnsted position in any suitable manner.

lhe rear end ofthe rudder member 2t) is notched to receive the forward end /ofthe rudder 32, the project-ing front and rear ends ot' the stems 39 and 40 of the respective rudders being connected by a universal joint 41 to permit the rudder 32 to swing 'both 'vertically and laterally and thus act as an antomatic stabilizer to limit to a certain extent deflection of the machine from its line of travel either' vertically or laterally. A coiled spring 42 surrounds the stems 39 and 40 and operates to yieldingly `support the rudder member32 when not supported by the pressure of the air, as when the machine is not in flight. It;v will thus be understood that the rudder member 29 is relatively fixed from movement and operates by the resistance of its planes to maintain the equilib rium of the machine, while the rudder member 32 has freedom of universal movement under the pressure of the air currentsto increase t'he efficiency of the balancing action.

1n the modification shown in F1g. t) the frames of the respective rudders 2S) ,and 32 are provided with cross picos 43 and -l-tf which are connected by a series of coiled springs la whichr yieldingly support said rudder member 32. This connection may be sufficiently flexible to permit the rudder mem ber 32 to sag when the machine .isat rest, the rudder member being :torce-d up to normal horizontal position and supported by the pressure of the air 4when the machine is in Hight.

llaving thus described the invention, Iv claim 1. A tiyingl machine embodying aframe, a

main Supporting plane carried thereby, propellingj)- mcchamsm, a front horizontal rudder composed of vertical and l-ierlzontal planes universally ointed at its for1 7ard-end to the frame, and a. steering wheel to which the rear end of said rudder is universally jointed eccentric to the axis of said wheel.

2. A ying machine embodyinga frame, a main supporting plane carried thereby, propelling mechanism, a front horizontal rude der composed of vertical and horizontal planes universally jointed at its forward end 'to the frame, a vertically arranged ,steering wheel, and an adjiistably mounted member on the wheel to which tlie rear 'end of said rudder is universally jointed eccentric tothe axis of said wheel.

A flying machine embodying a frame, a main supporting plane carried thereby, propelling mechanism, a front horizontal rud- Ider composed of vertical and horizontal planes universally jointed at its forward end tc the framea/v'ertically arranged steering wheel, a support extending diametrically across the wheel and to which the rear end of the rudder is universally jointed eccentric to the axis of wheel, and means for ad- Iqjusting said support.

' Milk flying machine embodying a frame, a main supporting plane carried thereby, propelling mechanism, a front horizontal rudder composed of vertical andy horizontal planes and universally jointedr at its forward end to the frame, a vertically disposed steer- 'ing Wheel, a coupling universally jointed to said wheel eccentric to its axis, and a sliding pivotal connection between said couplingv and the rear vend of said ruddein 5. In a flying machine, the combination of a frame, a main support-ing plane mounted thereon, propelling mechanism, and a stafA a frame, a main supporting plane mounted thereon, propelling mechanism, al stabilizei supported by and projecting from therear end of the frame and comprising front and rear members each embodying vertical and horizontal planes, the rear member being V yieldingly supported for universal -motion upon the front member, and means t'or vcrtically adjusting said stabilizer to vary its angle to the line of flight. I

1n testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

noniis WATT Mooiu.

' Witnesses:

' O. F. CONABLE,

WILLIAM B. ISBODY. 

